The Legacy Of The American Civil War - 1030 Words

When the American Civil War began, President Abraham Lincoln carefully framed the issue concerning the preservation of the Union rather than the abolition of slavery. As an individual, Lincoln hated slavery, he knew that neither Northerners nor the residents of the border slave states would support abolition as a war aim. As a Republican, he wished to eliminate it from the territories as the first step to putting the institution â€Å"in the course of ultimate extinction.† But as president of the United States, Lincoln was destined by the Constitution that protected slavery in any state where citizens wanted it. In September of 1862, after the Union’s victory at Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary decree stating that, unless the rebellious†¦show more content†¦President Abraham Lincoln did not initially plan to free the slaves in rebelling southern states. The Congress passed Compensated Emancipation Act in 1862 that paid the slave owners to release their slaves. After two years of war, President Lincoln enacted the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in rebelling Southern states. He was concerned that freeing all slaved would alienate border states. Because so many border states had slaves, Lincoln wanted to use a gradual compensated, and most importantly voluntary emancipation. The Emancipation Proclamation did not bring an effective end to slavery, but it did initiate the process and established a way for minorities to attain equality. Two army generals had previously made unsupported Proclamation to free slaves in rebelling Southern slaves. Major-General J.C. Fre mont in 1861 was first to radically use the martial law of military emancipation of slaves. However, General Fremont 1861 Proclamation is Missouri stated: â€Å"All persons who shall be taken with arms in their hands within these lines shall be tried by court-martial, and, if found guilty, will be shot. The property, real and personal, of all persons in the State of Missouri who shall take up arms against the United States, and who shall be directly proven to have active part with their enemies in the field, is declared to be confiscated to the public use; and their slaves, if any they have, are hereby declared free.†Show MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil War was the South’s to lose, even though they lacked the firepower needed and had far less men, the win was within their grasp after the first shot at Fort Sumter. The reason for this was simple, they had a cause and they were willing to fight for it until the very end. They also had a few men who stood out as some of the most intelligent and militarily inclined leaders ever to have control of an army. Of those masterminds included Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, James LongstreetRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War921 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Where there are men there will be war.† A simple statement made by one of the greatest thinkers of our generation, Albert Einstein. As a nation in its developmental stages there would be moments and trials that would define as a country and as a species. None more prevalent in our development than the civil war. Our founding fathers sought to create a perfect government, in which every individual has a voice. In certain aspects they succeeded greatly but in others they failed. The north and southRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War was the result of decades of sectional tensions between the North and South. Over the next several months eleven southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. During the first two years of the war, Southern troops won numerous victories, but saw their fortunes turned after losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863. From then on, Northern forces worked to conqueror the South, forcing them to surrender in April 1865. The roots of the Civil War can beRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1283 Words   |  6 Pagesare many topics such as slavery had been considered to be the root of the War Between the States. All of these subjects are actually just facets of one and that is culture. The idea that the American Civil War was the result of divergent and clashing northern and southern cultures is one that is valid, sound, and supported. Culture affects how people perceive themselves, others, and the world. Of the many aspects of American culture there are a few that stand out for being the most divisive: slaveryRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1784 Words   |  8 PagesThe American Civil War was a unique event in history. It involved and raised so many profound questions about nations and laws, and about humanity and conscience. Often described as the first modern war, it was, for Americans, the bloodiest ever fought. It changed fundamentally the nature of citizenship, and tried t o bring an end to one of the great obscenities for which humans have been responsible. Its divisions echo with us still today. Hanging a confederate flag has powerful connotations andRead MoreRace And Reunion : The Civil War1581 Words   |  7 Pagessouth. Striving for a reunion, a majority of American white communities close obscure the civil war racial narrative would only fade. In race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory, by David Blight, represents how Americans chose to remember the Civil War conflict, from the beginning of the turning point of the war. The two major themes race and reunion, demonstrate how white Americans adjusted and altered the causes and outcomes of the Civil War to reflect their particular ideas regardingRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy 1158 Words   |  5 PagesReflections on the Life, Assassination, and Legacy of John F. Kennedy written by Dean R. Owen is a series of reflections of people who knew and admired John F. Kennedy. Most people in the book discuss where they were the day of his assassination, their reaction, and how it affected everything and everyone around them. Others speak about what kind of leader Kennedy was, the legacy he left behind, and how when he died the country was never the same. Owen writes about people who once workedRead MoreTime Line 21050 Words   |  5 PagesNOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the Example Timeline Matrix document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. â€Å"Timeline Part II.† NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and conciseRead MoreEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe first roar of the Civil War ended with a last gasp for air. Where in such a war more than six hundred twenty thousand men sacrificed their lives for their own belief in the abolishment of slavery (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). â€Å"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plansRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln s 12 Years A Slave 1366 Words   |  6 Pages† During the Pre-Civil war period, the North and the South had already divided over their differences, such as geography and slavery. They found it hard to resolve their differences that tensions developed and fights broke out. These ev ents caused the need for leadership. Abraham Lincoln’s election caused him step up to that position of leadership which allowed him to leave a legacy by the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address, and the Amendments. Lincoln set the Civil war and took Cultural

Morality The Basis Of Morality - 1586 Words

Philosophy Essay 2 TOPIC ONE: THE BASIS OF MORALITY The basis of morality has been major area of discussion for philosophers for many years. In The Leviathan, Hobbes argues that desire and aversion determine what is good, evil, right or wrong, believing in a subjective self-interest based view on morality. In The Grounding of Metaphysics of Morals, Kant takes a rational approach, arguing that it is reason that plays a role in determining the same, thus having an objective view on morality. In my opinion, Hobbes’ account has greater validity than Kant’s in the fact that I believe it is human passion that dictates morality. Hobbes believes that morality is based upon the laws of nature. He sees humans as machines and describes the natural universe as a mechanical system. According to him, two motions occur in living beings; vital and voluntary. Vital motions are innate, taking place unconsciously whereas voluntary motions are resultant of conscious motions. Hobbes believes voluntary motions to form due to thought and imagination; calling this process endeavour. It is endeavour that leads to desires and aversion. Human desires are endless and we pursue them until the time of our death. This leads us to Hobbes’ view on the natural state of humans. He believes that without a common power to govern them, men are in a condition of war. In this state, all men are other men’s enemies. This brings rise to the idea ‘Everyone is governed by his own reason†¦in preserving his life againstShow MoreRelated A Basis for Morality Essay2815 Words   |  12 PagesA Basis for Morality In humanitys quest to distinguish itself from the rest of the animal world, a claim to morality has long been one of its greatest arguments. Perhaps second only to reason as a distinguishing characteristic, the ability to exhibit moral behavior instills in humans a distinct sense of natural order. Yet when anthropocentric egoism is dropped and we recognize that we are not, in fact, much different from other animals, our distinctive moral behavior begs explanation. WhatRead MoreThe Objective Basis of Morality Challenged1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Objective Basis of Morality Challenged The origins of morality and what is defined as good or bad, unethical or moral can easily boggle the mind. It is a topic that can be debated almost endlessly. There are many factors that must be taken into consideration to provide valid philosophies; yet there will still always be debatable elements. Two concepts of morality that are in direct opposition of each other are moral objectivism and moral relativism. Moral relativism can be subjectiveRead MoreTranscendentalism: The Basis of Morality Essay examples923 Words   |  4 Pagesnature; but also include a portion of logic and reasoning. ...transcendentalism remains firm in the hearts not just of religious believers but also of countless scholars in the social sciences and the humanities...(Wilson, The Biological Basis of Morality). Although there is not much logic to support the theories of a God or a higher being somewhere, there is also not enough evidence to disprove the belief of anyone. God is a breeze, you can feel it but cannot see it. Theologians and PhilosophersRead MoreAnimal Rights Should Be Afforded On The Basis Of Morality994 Words   |  4 Pagestowards them. Affording animals certain rights would improve their living conditions as well as human’s conditions, and increase the awareness of the consequences humans may face due to their maltreatment. Animal rights should be afforded on the basis of morality. As a society of moral and just people, it would be wrong to mistreat animals. The treatment of these animals must be protected by some form of rights. Different animals are consumed by humans in different countries. The animals which are sociallyRead MoreCan Medical Service be Refused on the Basis of Morality and Ethics?793 Words   |  3 PagesRefusing Service or Care Whenever there is a discussion that involves ethics and morality there always seems to be some debate. Professional ethics has become more significant over the years. As people become more specialized in their occupations, the concerns become that much more complex. Professional bodies have more and more been at work developing, revising and refining professional codes of ethics. Professionals themselves have asked for more comprehensive codes so as to have better directionRead MoreAnyone or anything that is rational possesses will, whether it is a human being or a field mouse.900 Words   |  4 Pageswe would simply be reacting to external causes. To see how Kant’s statement translates into saying an autonomous will is bound by moral law, we must first understand what morality is, and how one achieves it. Kant believes that morality is an a priori concept, or one that is independent of any experiences of the world. Morality stems from the idea of the ‘good will’, which Kant argues is the only thing truly ‘good’ in the world. Rational beings can bring about their wills through imperatives, orRead MoreReligion, Morality, And Atheism1734 Words   |  7 Pagesare against it. However, these are just a couple of examples showing just how unethical religions can appear to be. But these are only the connotations of religion, morality, and atheism. The true definition of religion is â€Å"an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or group of gods.† Note that morality has the separate definition of â€Å"beliefs about what is right and wrong behavior† and the counterpart of religion is atheism, or the lack of the â€Å"belief in the existenceRead MoreDebate On Morality With And Without God1046 Words   |  5 PagesM. SURBER BCOR STEP II: PAPER OUTLINE Topic of debate: Morality with/without God I. Introduction: a. Throughout my life I have been involved in a dynamic battle that always comes back to one question: Is there such a thing as â€Å"God†? I have been raised up in a pretty much non-practicing Christian home. Growing up in this type of lifestyle I have encountered a multitude of different belief systems that were either Secular or Christian-like. But with this debate of if God is real or not, I have comeRead MoreExamples Of Nietzsche And Slave Morality713 Words   |  3 Pagesin this first essay the idea of good and evil, or more importantly, the different views of good an evil taken by two classes of people. For Nietzsche, these two classes are the master morality and the slave morality. To understand their different views Nietzsche explains the origins of each group. The master morality stems from nobility, the powerful, who considers strength and health, and happiness as all good things. They are those that take life head on, so to say, and see the negatives of lifeRead MoreMoral Judgements And Moral Values Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesare whatever we as humans choose to pursue and whatever we desire. Now, whether morality is an objective property of the universe, or rather the subjective opinion of humans, is in fact one of the longest running issues in the world of philosophy. This ongoing debate continue for the sole reason that it is hampered by a lack of clarity on what objective and subjective moralities actually are. Objective morality is the stance that something can be discerned to be a morally wrong thing through

Internet Privacy Essay Paper Example For Students

Internet Privacy Essay Paper Internet PrivacyThe concern about privacy on the Internet is increasingly becoming an issue of international dispute. ?Citizens are becoming concerned that the most intimate details of their daily lives are being monitored, searched and recorded.? (www.britannica.com) 81% of Net users are concerned about threats to their privacy while online. The greatest threat to privacy comes from the construction of e-commerce alone, and not from state agents.E-commerce is structured on the copy and trade of intimate personal information and therefore, a threat to privacy on the Internet. The Internet?s leading advertising company, DoubleClick, Inc. compiled thorough information on the browsing routine of millions of users. They accomplished this by implementing ?cookie? files onto computer hard drives. These cookies enable Web sites and advertising networks to observe people?s on-line activities with great precision. Cookies also include the search vocabulary entered as well as the articles one reads over, and the amount of time one spends looking at a particular article. Convinced that their actual identities were not being made public, consumers were pleased to accept this in exchange for the ease of navigating the web more efficiently. ?In November 1999 DoubleClick bought Abacus Direct, which held a database of names, addresses, and information about the offline buying habits of 90 million households compiled from the largest direct-mail catalogs and retailers in the nation.? (www.britannica.com) Following the purchase of Abacus two months later, DoubleClick began compiling profiles that linked an individual?s actual name and address to Abacus?s complete records of their on-line and off-line purchases. This turned shopping that was once thought to be anonymous, into personally identifiable records. The American Management Association conducted a survey of nearly a thousand large companies and found that more than half the large American firms surveyed monitored the Inte rnet relations of their workers. Several of these companies used Orwellian computer software that was initially offered for only $99 and had the ability to screen and record every keystroke on the computer with video like precision. It is also possible for the firms to screen all incoming and outgoing e-mail for forbidden words and phrases- such as those involving racism, or the name of a boss. Suspicious messages would then be forwarded to a supervisor for review. ?Changes in the delivery of books, music and television were extending these technologies of surveillance beyond the office (www.britannica.com) In 2000 Amazon.com created controversy when they changed their privacy policy without warning. They announced that customers were no longer allowed to obstruct the distribution of personal data. Globally Unique Identifiers, or GUIDS make it possible to link every file, e-mail communication, and on-line chat room posting with the real-world identity of the person who created it. T he unease for this issue is also growing. GUIDs are a kind of serial number that can be connected with a person?s name and e-mail address when he registers on-line for merchandise or service. One of the most popular Internet music players, RealJukebox was recognized in November 1999 by privacy advocates when they realized that the music each user downloaded could pinpoint a user?s identity by matching it with a unique identification number. There were even various software products such as Microsoft Word 97 and PowerPoint 97, which implanted distinct identifiers into every document. ?Americans increasingly seem to agree that Congress should save them from the worst excesses of online profiling.? (www.britannica.com) A poll conducted in March for Business Week magazine showed that 57% of the respondents said that the government should pass laws that modify how personal information could be collected and used on the Internet. The attempt to pass complete privacy legislation in the Un ited States has been disturbed by the fact that those who will benefit from privacy are scattered while the corporate opponents of privacy are well organized. ZeroKnowledge.com is a privacy-enhancing technology that allows individuals to browse the web and send e-mails anonymously or pseudonymously in order for people to cover electronic tracks. Genuine Privacy Enhancing Technologies limit or eliminate the collection of personally identifiable information. It is quite cheap and fairly easy to accumulate thorough information about people because of the advances in computer technology. This can prove to be beneficial for law enforcement looking to track down criminals; prevention of fraud within banks, and consumers becoming more educated about new products and services. However, this also creates opportunity for misuse of such information. Information sent over the Internet has the potential to pass through dozens of various computer systems on the way to its intended destination. ?E ach of these systems may be managed by a different system operator (sysop), and each system may be capable of capturing and storing online communications.? (www.privacyrights.org) It is possible for the online activities of Internet users to be monitored, both by their own service provider and by the system operator of any sites on the Internet that may capture them. ?There are virtually no online activities or services that guarantee an absolute right of privacy.?(www.privacyrights.org) If the communication is ?readily accessible? according to federal law it is not considered illegal for anyone to view or release the information to the public. This applies to the many online activities that are open to public inspection. Public messages on the Internet may be accessed by anyone at anytime even years after the original message has been written. The federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act makes it illegal for anyone to examine or release the contents of an electronic correspond ence. This law refers to e-mail messages. There do exist, however, three significant exceptions. The first is if there is suspicion that the sender is attempting to damage the system or harm another user. The second is if the correspondent or receiver consents to inspection or disclosure of the document(s). The third exception states that if the employer owns the e-mail system, then the employer may examine the contents of employee e-mail on the system. A court-ordered search warrant is required for law enforcement officials to access electronic communications. child abuse EssayWorks Cited?Privacy in America: Computers, Phones and Privacy.? ACLU In Brief: Computers,Phones and Privacy. 1997 The American Civil Liberties Union. 4 March 2001 ?Anonymous Communications on the Internet.? AAAS Anonymous Communications on the Internet Project. 1997-1999 American Association for the Advancement of Science. 4 March 2001 . ?Invasion of Privacy on the Internet.? Britannica.com Inc. 1999-2001 2 April 2001 . ?Privacy Initiatives.? Federal Trade Commission. 4 March 2001 . ?Rules of the Road for the Information Superhighway.? Privacy In Cyberspace. 1999 Privacy Rights Organization. 4 March 2001 Gillin, Donna. ?Privacy Issues Take Center Stage in 2001.? American Marketing Association Spring 2001. Chicago. 2 April 2001 . MacMillan, Robert ?Web Anonymity Comes With Annoyances.? The Washington Post Feb 16,2001 Washington, D.C. 2 April 2001 . ?Beyond Concern: Understanding Net Users? Attitudes About Online Privacy.? ATT Labs-Research Technical Report TR 99.4.3. 14 April 1999 ATT Labs-Research. 4 March 2001 . ?Protecting Your Privacy Online.? TRUSTe: for WEB USERS. 1999 Federal Trade Commission. 4 March 2001 . Untitled. Epic. 1999 Mark Rotenberg. 4 March 2001. Words/ Pages : 1,915 / 24

Most Wanted Collectors Signature Edition by Hilary Duff free essay sample

After two hit albums, one Christmas album and several appearances on soundtracks, Hilary Duff finally has a Most Wanted album and the album is now a Collectors Signature Edition. Featuring hits from both Metamorphosis and Hilary Duff, plus songs which have appeared on movie soundtracks such as A Cinderella Story and The Lizzie McGuire Movie, and three brand new songs written by Hilary Duff and Dead Executives and a bonus song, Supergirl, this collection is a favorite for any fan of Hilary Duff. Featuring the unique sounds of both Metamorphosis and Hilary Duff, Most Wanted shares with fans the Hilary Duff of the past, the Hilary Duff of the present and with the brand new songs and sounds of Wake Up, The Beat of my Heart, Break My Heart and Supergirl, the album also introduces to fans the Hilary Duff to come. These songs give fans somewhat of a sneak peek of what to look forward to from this hit singer. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Wanted: Collectors Signature Edition by Hilary Duff or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Collectors Signature Edition features several bonus tracks not featured on the standard Most Wanted- -Whos That Girl (acoustic) -Jericho (remix 2005) -Supergirl -Party Up (remix 2005) Unless your reasoning for buying this album is purely to support Hilary Duff, I recommend borrowing this album from a friend. Dont get me wrong, the album is great, but if you have already bought Metamorphosis and Hilary Duff and the soundtracks to A Cinderella Story and The Lizzie McGuire Movie, then you already have just about 80% of the album. So borrow it from a friend or download the three new songs/remixes. But if you are buying the album to support Hilary Duff, feel free to buy it; you wont be disappointed.

A Review of Dover AFB C

A Review of Dover AFB C Abstract On the 3rd of April, 2006, a C-5 aircraft crashed at Dover Air Force Base in Delaware. Poor decision-making was the main cause of the expensive, but unfortunate, accident. The essay reviewed the chain of events that led to the mishap and measures that the pilot could have taken to prevent it.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Review of Dover AFB C-B Crash 2006 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay used information from reports of survivors and investigators. The author provided a short summary of landing basics that the pilots ignored, leading to the mishap. The essay addressed the application of KISS, which stands for Keep it Simple Stupid. It also addressed the issue of how an alternative thinking process could have averted the crashing of a multi-million dollar jet. The Occurrence The C-5B Galaxy crashed and disintegrated into three pieces at around 6:42 in the morning. The crash occurred in a grassy area adjacent to the Air Force Base. In fact, the crash site was near the edge of the facility’s fence (Federal Information News Dispatch, 2006a). The Air Force categorizes the land as proprietary to the base. As such, the crash took place within the property of Air Force. The land was acquired by the government a number of years ago for specific purposes. For example, the land is used by authorities to monitor activities taking place in the surrounding airspace. It was also meant to shield the civilian population from rare and unlikely mishaps like this crash. To this end, it is important to note that if Air Force had not acquired this piece of land, the crash would have taken place on civilian property. The arising damages can only be imagined. The jet that crashed was used for transport by Air Force. It had taken off from the base at about 6:21 a.m. Its destination was Ramstein Air Base in Germany. The jet was carrying merchandise destined for troops participati ng in the worldwide war on terror (Federal Information News Dispatch, 2006b). As such, it can be argued that the crash occurred when the crew was participating in the fight against global terrorism. Given the conditions under which the jet was operating, the crew should have declared an emergency. To this end, members of the crew should have scrutinized their operations to ensure the jet was still under control. In addition, they should have evaluated the origin of the emergency. They should also have processed their jet checklists and settled for an appropriate location to securely land the jet to avoid risks and loss of lives. Finally, they should have informed everybody in the jet and on the ground about the measures they were taking to control the situation. A number of parties responded to the accident immediately after the crash. They include the Air Force personnel and neighboring fast response teams. The latter was composed of health experts, firefighters, members of the de fense forces, and civil engineers. All of the parties were interested in rescuing survivors and helping in any way they could.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dover AFB C-B Crash 2006: A Review of Possible Errors Made A plane crash can be attributed to a number of errors. The errors can either be human or mechanical. A crash can also be brought about by unfavorable weather conditions, such as storms. A crash can also be brought about by a combination of a number of errors. The errors responsible for the crash can only be determined after extensive investigations into the occurrence. That is the reason why commissions are formed to investigate any crash. The findings made in such investigations go a long way in averting future crashes. An investigation into the AFB CB crash 2006 made findings regarding the errors responsible for the occurrence. According to the finding s, human error was liable for the crash of the C-5 jet at Dover Air Force base. The military official inspectors reported that the cockpit crew committed three serious errors. The errors, which later led to the crash, were committed before the crew declared an emergency soon after takeoff. The crash occurred on the 3rd of April, 2006 (Pilot error blamed for USAF Galaxy crash, 2006). According to the report made by the investigators, there was apparent and persuasive proof that the crew attempted to restart an engine they had already shut down. At the same time, the crew was not using a fully equipped engine that was available to them. In addition, the crew made use of flap settings, a decision that led to too much haul for the jet. It was also found that C-5 crew settled for the wrong strategy to deal with the conditions they were experiencing. Investigations also revealed that the crew manning the jet received a false alarm to the effect that they had not shut down the power revers er on one of the engines. As a result, the crew shut down the engine and attempted to fly back to the base. The jet stalled roughly a mile from the landing strip. After stalling, it hit a telephone pole before crashing into open grassland. The impact of the crash made the jet split into three. At the time of the crash, 17 people were on board. Lucky enough, all the seventeen people in the jet survived. The jet was under the control of two pilots. The two were captains Brian LaFreda and Harland Nelson (Pilot error blamed for USAF Galaxy crash, 2006). A third one, Robert Moorman, was seated at the back of the jet (Rolfsen, 2006). In addition to the three, there were two expert jet engineers. Between them, the three jet pilots had more than ten thousand hours of flying time in a C-5 jet. What this means is that they were experienced professionals. The same applied to the two jet engineers in the crew. The jet was owned by the 436th Airlift Wing. The wing is the dynamic duty department at Dover. However, the jet was under the command of a different department. It was under the control of the 512th Airlift Wing. The wing is a reserve section at Dover. It was revealed that the crew lacked situational ‘smugness’ and alertness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Review of Dover AFB C-B Crash 2006 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To compound their initial mistakes, the crew applied a complete flap strategy. Utilizing flap settings of 62 or 40 percent, rather than 100 percent, would have been very helpful. Such a strategy would have decreased the haul on the jet, which weighed 730000 pounds. The jet was 100000 pounds heavier than its ordinary landing weight. The surveyors reported that a 40 percent flap would have saved the situation. The flap would have increased the airspeed by roughly 20 knots or 166 knots on last approach (Rolfsen, 2006). As already indicated above, the crew fai led to utilize engine number 3 and placed the flaps wrongly. In addition, the crew incorrectly attempted to adopt a visual strategy to access the airstrip. Using the strategy, they took the C-5 jet below the standard flying path for a tool approach or the standard visual air travel altitude. Finally, the inspectors discovered that Captain LaFreda did not give a full approach notice to the ground crew. Had he briefed them, the situation may have been a lot different. For example, the crew would probably have raised queries that could have prevented the accident. A number of simulation tests were conducted during the investigations. The tests showed that the crew could have averted the crash with the same flap positioning and approach they had applied. A crash would have been averted if the crew had started engine number 3 about 300 feet above the ground. Even if the crew had at their disposal only two functioning engines, a crisis may have been averted. For example, the simulation te sts showed that a decreased flap setting would have led to a safe landing. The crew could also have achieved a safe landing with just two functioning engines and at complete flaps. They would have achieved this by applying a tool landing strategy on a different airstrip (Rolfsen, 2006). A Review of AFB-CB Crash 2006 from a KISS Perspective KISS is an ellipsis for Keep it Simple Stupid (Siegler, 2009). It is a design principle established by the U.S. forces in 1960 (Siegler, 2009). The principle states that the functioning of nearly all systems can be maximized if the designers ‘keep them’ uncomplicated. Intricate and complex designs make it hard for users to utilize equipment. That is why designers should try as much as possible to avoid intricate models. Consequently, simplicity should be the ultimate goal in design. To this end, engineers should desist from embracing pointless intricacies. The KISS strategy is often associated with software and mechanical engineering. Nevertheless, the strategy can also be applied in most areas of human endeavor.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A story is told of Kelly Johnson giving a group of engineers few tools to work with. The story best exemplifies the principle of Keep it Simple, Stupid. Johnson is well known for engineering jets for the American military as an independent outworker. He is regarded as one of the exceptional engineers due to the realistic nature of the strategies he used to solve the various problems he encountered. His attitude reflects the opinions and belief systems of other great philosophers in the past. For example, he has been likened to such prominent figures as Leonardo da Vinci and Henry David Thoreau (Siegler, 2009). Experts frequently quote the KISS principle in their works. For example, the principle is especially utilized when technological improvements and upgrades are carried out. In addition, the strategy is used in addressing the various problems brought about by increasing population growth in contemporary world. Johnson challenges contemporary engineers to fix a problem in a jet a ircraft they are designing using a standard mechanic approach. In the story cited above, he challenged his engineers to fix a problem encountered in war using the few tools he gave them. According to Siegler (2009), Johnson uses the term stupid to refer to the link between the way things break down and the complex nature of conventional ideas available to repair them. In the jet crash case referred to in this paper, the accident could have been averted if the crew had applied the KISS principle. The crew should have taken the time to completely close down the power reverser on one of the engines. The crew should have settled for the right strategy to address the problems raised by the conditions they were exposed to. In addition, the crew should have flown the jet without engaging other units. That way, the crash could have been averted. They should not have complicated the issue by exchanging their problems with reserve crews (C-5 crash blamed on human error, 2006). If they had kep t their responses ‘simple’, may be the jet could not have crashed. The complex nature of their responses may have played a part in the crash. According to Siegler (2009), the principle emphasizes on the application of the least number of tools to address a given problem. The small number of tools enhances efficiency in a given situation. For instance, utilizing the flap settings of sixty-two or forty percent, rather than hundred percent, would have decreased the haul on the seven hundred and thirty thousand pound jet. As indicated earlier in this paper, a forty percent flap would have increased the airspeed by roughly twenty knots or one hundred and sixty six knots on last approach (Federal Information News Dispatch, 2006a). The KISS principle insists that individuals should adopt the correct approach in addressing a problem. For instance, the crew did not utilize engine number 3, which could have proved to be the right approach to the problem. Instead, not only did th ey fail to power the engine, but they also placed the flaps wrongly. The crew also adopted the wrong visual strategy to return to the airstrip. The crew dropped the jet below the standard fly path for a tool approach. In addition, they dropped below the standard visual air travel altitude. The jet crew could have averted all these problems by applying the KISS principle. Furthermore, Captain LaFreda failed to provide the ground crew with a full approach notice. Such a notice would have averted the crisis given that his actions would have been questioned by the crew. KISS principle focuses on the application of the ‘simplest of tools’ and the ‘easiest of techniques’ (Siegler, 2009). As indicated above, the principle is applicable to the crash case analyzed in this paper. The simulator tests conducted during the investigation showed that the KISS principle would have worked wonders even under the challenging situations the crew was exposed to. For example, th e realization that the same flap positioning and approach adopted by the crew could have led to a safe landing points to the fact that application of KISS principles would have saved the situation. If the crew had adopted the KISS strategy, they could have switched on engine 3 at three hundred feet above the ground. Likewise, the application of KISS principles would have helped the crew to adopt a decreased flap setting with only two functioning engines. In addition, the crew could have applied a tool landing strategy to a different airstrip. Over Thinking and the Crash Over thinking is actually detrimental to people’s performance. It appears that under some circumstances, paying full attention and trying very hard can really hinder performance. The reason is that individuals must access their working reminiscences to effectively carry out a particular task. Today, scientists believe that there are two forms of long-term reminiscences. The first is implicit reminiscing, which does not require ‘mindful thoughts’ (Siegler, 2009). It is expressed by means instead of words. There is also explicit reminiscing, which is created consciously by the individual. It can also be describe in words. Experts consider these two different areas of functioning to be both habitual and mind-based. The inspectors report indicated that the crew attempted to start an engine they had shut down. They seemed to forget that there was fully equipped engine that was lying idle. The error, coupled with others that were revealed during investigations, makes it apparent that the crew was desperate. They were doing anything they could think of to avert the accident. Consequently, they ended up thinking in their own way, committing a number of errors in the process. Investigations also revealed that the crew did not think the signal could have been false. It never occurred to them that one of the systems may have malfunctioned and given them the wrong signal. They acted on this false alarm by shutting down the engine and attempting to go back to the base. The crew should have taken the time to think whether the signal was right or not. They could have landed the jet immediately to avert any accident. Instead, it appears that they panicked and failed to think straight. The crew decided to use a different strategy to solve the issues that arose prior to the crash. For example, they thought that by applying a higher percentage flap, they would have increased the speed of the jet, averting an accident. It is clear that they deviated from the standard rules and formulated their own approaches to address the problem. It is this misdirected and misinformed ‘creativity’ on the part of the crew that led to the accident. The crew should have adhered to the normal percentage of flaps. The investigations also revealed that the crew decided to formulate their own ways of utilizing engine number 3. The placing of flaps, which was wrong, was also their own way of responding to the crisis. Their strategies were ineffective in addressing the situation. They should have adopted the right strategy. If the crew acted calmly and responded to the crisis with a clear mind, perhaps the accident could not have occurred. It appears that, just like the rest of the crew, Captain LaFreda was over- thinking. For example, the investigations revealed that he thought of trying his own ways to avert the accident. He was over-thinking and forgot to communicate with the emergency crew on the ground. The conclusion is based on the findings made by the investigators to the effect that Captain LaFreda did not give a full approach notice to the crew. He came up with his own strategies, which he thought will avert the crisis. Instead of averting the problem, his ‘creativity’ led to an accident. In addition to Captain LaFreda, other members of the crew came up with their own strategies to address the problem. The common denominator in the strat egies adopted by the crew was that they were panicky responses to a crisis. For instance, the crew decided against revving up engine number 3 three hundred feet above the ground. They came up with their own ineffective strategies to address the situation. Conclusion Investigations carried out to determine what caused Dover AFB C-5 crash that took place in 2006 pointed out that human error was to blame. The crew made a number of tactical errors that led to the crash. The pilot adopted the wrong strategy in addressing the problem. Over-thinking was one of the factors that led to the human errors responsible for the crash. Adoption of the KISS strategies could have averted the accident. References C-5 crash blamed on human error. (2006). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/232714113?accountid=27203 Federal Information News Dispatch. (2006a). C-5 accident investigation board complete. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy. db.erau.edu/docview/190396594?accountid=27203 Federal Information News Dispatch. (2006b). 17 airmen survive Dover C-5 Galaxy crash. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/190416884?accountid=27203 Pilot error blamed for USAF Galaxy crash. (2006). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/225093357?accountid=27203 Rolfsen, B. (2006). Too low, too slow board faults 5 crew members in crash of C-5B Galaxy at Dover. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/734362931?accountid=27203 Siegler, M. G. (2009). Keep it simple stupid. Retrieved from http://techcrunch.com/2009/04/28/keep-it-simple-stupid/

Police Brutality Essays - Police Brutality In The United States

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